Sunday, December 5, 2010

Bibliography



"Animal Bytes: Giant Panda." Welcome to the San Diego Zoo. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-giant_panda.html>.

"Giant Pandas." Globio | Where Kids Discover the World | Portland, OR. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=1#>.

"Giant Panda Facts - National Zoo| FONZ." Welcome to the National Zoo| FONZ Website - National Zoo| FONZ. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/GiantPandas/PandaFacts/default.cfm>.

"Giant Pandas, Giant Panda Pictures, Giant Panda Facts - National Geographic." Animals, Animal Pictures, Wild Animal Facts - National Geographic. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/giant-panda/>.

"WWF - Giant Panda." WWF - WWF. Web. 01 Dec. 2010. <http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/giant_panda/>.

What's Being Done?



Giant Pandas are one of few endangered species that are legally protected. 

In China, wildlife reserves have been established to ensure that the wild giant pandas have space to live, eat, and travel from area to area without humans encroaching upon them. Over 50 panda reserves have been established by the Chinese government since mid-2005; collectively, the reserves protect more than 10,400 square kilometers and over 45% of the remaining giant panda habitat. Wolong Nature Reserve is one of the most famous. Around 61%, or 980 pandas are under protection in these reserves.




The World Wildlife Fund  (WWF) has been active in giant panda conservation since 1980. More recently, it has helped the Chinese government with its National Conservation Program for the giant panda and its habitat. Its efforts have been a major factor in the formation of the panda reserves.




There is still much more to learn about giant pandas, and more and more efforts are being made as researchers and panda experts work together to help to increase the number of giant pandas in the world and ensure its future population. For example, a giant panda milk formula has been created for pandas bred in zoos, and a hand-rearing technique known as "twin swapping" have helped to raise the survival rate of nursery-reared pandas up to 95%.  Wolong, China is famous for its China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda,  has had multiyear collaborations with San Diego Zoo Conservation Research that has also helped to dramatically increase giant panda breeding rate.





You can help too! Bring awareness to the giant panda's plight, support the WWF and the Chinese government in its efforts to save the giant panda! 


The giant pandas are an umbrella species, so in helping the pandas, you can help many other animals too, as well as the environment. The region that the pandas inhabit in the Yangtze Basin contains forests that are home to other endangered species like the golden monkey, takin, and crested ibis.


The giant panda also plays a crucial role in helping to maintain the bamboo forests, as they spread the seeds and facilitate the growth of the bamboo plant. In saving the giant panda, we can help to save its habitat, which is also home to millions of people. By saving its habitat, we can increase the quality of living for those people.


And finally, not only are pandas beautiful, adorable creatures that help to bring huge economic benefits through ecotourism and other such activities, they are also a very important cultural icon for the Chinese people.

Why is the Giant Panda Endangered?



The conservation status of the giant panda is endangered. It is listed as such on the World Conservation Union's (IUCN's) Red List of Threatened Animals.


Species reach this status when the population of the species is at risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in numbers, or threatened by changing environmental/predation limits. There are only approximately 1,600 giant pandas left in the wild. Some pandas live in zoos and breeding centers around the world; the majority of these pandas are in China.




The giant panda has become an endangered species because of its low reproductive rate, bamboo shortages, habitat destruction, and hunting. Poaching is also a problem.


Low Reproductive Rate: Pandas have a very short breeding season, and females give birth to only one or to cubs at a time. The cubs are very dependent upon their mothers during the first few years of life.


In the wild, mother pandas will only care for one cub. In zoos/breeding centers, keepers help to raise multiple cubs.


Bamboo Shortages: Bamboo plants reach maturity, flower, produce seeds, and then die. Those seeds grow slowly into the large plants the pandas eat. Although giant pandas can eat 25 different types of bamboo, they will usually only eat the few kinds that grow in their home range. The different bamboo species bloom and die at the same time, which causes the pandas to move to another area. However, due to human presence/activities, the panda's habitats, and thus resources of bamboo, have been severely depleted.


Habitat Destruction: Because pandas are primarily found in southwestern China's damp, misty bamboo/conifer forests (about 4,000 feet above sea level), it is difficult for them to find/move to other areas to inhabit once their habitat has been destroyed. China has a population of more than one billion people, and as these people build more and use more resources, more of the giant panda's habitat disappears. Additionally, people in China/throughout the world use bamboo to make bamboo products such as wood flooring.



Hunting: Traps for other animals often kill pandas.

Giant Panda QuickFacts

Click-Through to Photo

Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ailuropoda
Species: Melanoleuca

Habitat: Mountain ranges in central China, in the Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. (No longer in lowland areas due to farming, forest clearing, and other human development.) Broadleaf/coniferous forests with bamboo understory. These areas are often under heavy cloud cover and are characterized by torrential rains or dense mist.

Physical Characteristics: Black-and-white bear; black fur on ears, around eyes, muzzle, legs, and shoulders (the rest is white). Have large molar teeth and strong jaw muscles for crushing bamboo. About the size of an American black bear; reach four to six feet in length. Males larger than females at 250 lbs in the wild. Females will reach 220 lbs at most.  

Life Span/Reproduction: 14 to 20 years in the wild; up to 30 in captivity. Mature at 6-7 years for males, 4-5 for females. Average "pregnancy" approximately 135 days. 1-2 cubs are born at a time at about 4 ounces. The cubs are born completely pink, with a light covering of white hair; eyes are closed and they weigh 120-175 g and are approximately 15 cm long. Dark patches appear around eyes/ears after a week; followed by legs and backs. Eyes open around 1 month; crawling at 3-4 months.



Diet: 99% bamboo; other grasses, some small rodents/musk deer fawns. Bamboo/sugar cane/rice gruel/high-fiber biscuit/carrots/apples/sweet potatoes in zoos. Typically eat half the day (12/24 hours); takes in 28 lbs bamboo.

Lifestyle/Social Structure: Rests, feeds, looks for food for most of the day. Does not hibernate. Solitary; communication through scent marks/calls/meetings. Cubs stay with mothers for 1-3.5 years. 

Fun Facts: Can bleat, roar, growl, honk. Technically are carnivores, but eat as omnivores. Very flexible, like to do somersaults. Often seen eating in a relaxed sitting posture. Skilled tree-climbers/swimmers.

Giant Panda: Ailuropoda melanoleuca


Welcome to my panda-log! I hope you find it informative and useful. It will provide some basic information on the giant panda with respect to the species' status as an endangered species. Every post will be accompanied by a photo of a panda.

All of my sources of information will be cited in the last post. All photos will have a link below that says "Click-Through to Photo;" this will lead you to the original website that I found the photo on. I found everything through Google.

Requirements for the project will be in bold font.